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高一的英语知识点_如何掌握定语从句结构?_高中英语阅读常考哪些连接词?

<h2>开头先问你一句:</h2>
<p>你是不是一看到“The boy who is wearing glasses just raised his hand”这句话,心里就咯噔一下?</p>
<p>——“who”是啥?“which”和“that”到底能不能换着用?为啥老师说“介词+which”不能写成“介词+that”?</p>
<p>别急,这<strong>不是你一个人卡壳</strong>,而是<strong>高一英语里最常被低估、又最容易拉分的知识点之一</strong>。今天我们就把它掰开揉碎,用聊天的方式讲清楚。</p>

<h2>什么是定语从句?先画个“人形图”帮你记</h2>

<p>想象一下:</p>

<ul><li>主句是“主角”,比如:<strong>The book is on the desk.</strong></li><li>现在你想加一句“这本是昨天我买的”,那“昨天我买的”就是在<strong>修饰book</strong>——它像一条小尾巴,挂在名词后面,专门“描述这个名词是谁/是啥/在哪”,这就是<strong>定语从句</strong>。</li></ul>
<p>所以一句话记住本质:</p>
<p>> <strong>定语从句 = 一个句子,专门用来当形容词,修饰前面的某个名词(叫先行词)</strong></p>

<p>? 关键三要素必须同时出现:</p>

<ul><li>先行词(被修饰的那个词,比如the book / the girl / the place)</li><li>关系词(who / which / that / whose / whom / where / when)</li><li>从句主干(有主语+谓语的完整小句子)</li></ul>
<h2>哪些关系词该用谁?一张表太枯燥,我们用“生活场景”来记</h2>

<h2># ? who / whom / whose:专管“人”</h2>

<ul><li><strong>who</strong>:在从句里当<strong>主语</strong> → The teacher <strong>who teaches us physics</strong> is very patient.</li><li><strong>whom</strong>:在从句里当<strong>宾语</strong>(口语中常省略或换成who)→ The student <strong>(whom) you saw yesterday</strong> got full marks.</li><li><strong>whose</strong>:表示“谁的”,后面一定跟名词 → The boy <strong>whose notebook is missing</strong> looked worried.</li></ul>
<p>?? 我自己的经验:高一同学最容易忽略<strong>whose不只用于人</strong>!它也能修饰物(虽少但真有):</p>
<p>> The company <strong>whose CEO resigned last week</strong> announced new layoffs.</p>
<p>(你看,“CEO”属于公司,所以company的whose完全成立)</p>

<h2>which 和 that 到底能不能互换?真相来了</h2>

<p>先说结论:<strong>大多数时候可以换,但4种情况必须用that,1种情况必须用which</strong>。</p>

<h2># ? 必须用 <strong>that</strong> 的4种情况:</h2>

<ol><li>先行词前有<strong>最高级</strong>:This is the <strong>most interesting movie that</strong> I’ve ever watched.</li><li>先行词前有<strong>序数词或the only / the very / the last</strong>:She was the <strong>first person that</strong> noticed the mistake.</li><li>先行词既有人又有物:I saw some students and bikes <strong>that were waiting outside</strong>.</li><li>主句是以<strong>who / which</strong>开头的特殊疑问句:<strong>Which book that you borrowed</strong> is missing?</li></ol>
<h2># ? 必须用 <strong>which</strong> 的1种情况:</h2>
<ul><li><strong>非限制性定语从句</strong>(就是用逗号隔开、补充说明、去掉也不影响主干意思):</li></ul>
<p>> My laptop, <strong>which I bought in 2022</strong>, suddenly crashed.</p>
<p>? 不能写成 “...laptop, that I bought...” ——语法直接判死刑。</p>

<p>?? 小提醒:考试卷子上,如果没逗号,95%是限制性从句,优先考虑that;有逗号?那基本只能选which。</p>

<h2>阅读题里最常考的3个“隐形坑”,老师不一定细讲</h2>

<ol><li><strong>介词提前,只认which/whom,绝不认that</strong></li></ol>
<p>> The library <strong>in which we studied</strong> has reopened.</p>
<p>? 不是 “in that we studied”——这是高频错选项!</p>

<ol><li><strong>where / when / why = 介词 + which</strong>,但它们本身已固化</li></ol>

<ul><li>where = in/at/from which(地点)</li><li>when = on/in/during which(时间)</li><li>why = for which(原因,仅用于the reason why…)</li></ul>
<ol><li><strong>as 和 which 都能引导非限定性从句,但位置不同</strong></li></ol>
<ul><li><strong>as</strong> 可放句首、句中、句末,强调“正如……所说”:</li></ul>
<p>> <strong>As is known to all</strong>, English is a global language.</p>
<ul><li><strong>which</strong> 只能指代整个主句,且只能放句末:</li></ul>
<p>> He failed the test, <strong>which surprised everyone</strong>.</p>

<h2>给新手的3个实操小建议(亲测有效)</h2>

<ul><li>?? <strong>每天抄1句带定语从句的真实英文句子</strong>(推荐《新概念英语》第二册第15–25课),抄完立刻划出:先行词、关系词、从句谓语动词。坚持一周,敏感度直线上升。</li><li>?? </p> <strong>把关系词当成“钥匙”</strong>:拿到一个空,先看前面名词是人/物/地/时间/原因 → 锁定范围;再看有没有逗号、有没有最高级 → 锁定唯一答案。</li><li>?? 别死背规则!拿一道真题(比如2023年北京高一期中卷单选第8题)反复拆解3遍:第一遍找结构,第二遍改错,第三遍自己出个干扰项——你会突然发现命题人的套路。</li></ul>
<p>最后说点掏心窝的话:</p>
<p>定语从句看着绕,其实就像学骑自行车——刚开始扶着不敢撒手,踩两步就晃;但只要<strong>连续三天每天搞懂1个小点</strong>,第四天你就会发现:咦?这篇完形填空里5个空,3个都是定语从句逻辑!那种“原来如此”的亮光感,真的会上瘾。</p>
<p>别怕慢,怕的是停在“我不懂”三个字上不动。你已经点开了这篇文章,说明你比昨天更靠近答案了——这就够了。</p>
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